Machine for calendering printed sheets



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No. 242,753. Patented June 14, 1881p messes. Mew)".

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

-0. CHAMBERS, Jr.

. Machine for Oalendering Printed Sheets.

No. 242,753 Patented June 14,1881.

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0. CHAMBERS, Jr.- Maehine for Calendaring Printed Sheets. 4 N0. 242,753. Patented June 14, I881.

UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE. p i

CYRUS CHAMBERS, JR., OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR CALENDERING PRINTED SHEETS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 242,753, dated June 14, 1881.

Application filed April 13, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom "it may concern:

Be it known that I, CYRUs CHAMBERS, Jr., of thecity and county of Philadelphia,and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Calendering Printed Sheets; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 is an elevation of the delivery side of the machine. Fig. 2 is an end elevation, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a top view of one end of the machine. Fig. 4 is a separate top view of the rollers, with their axes inclined to each other. Fig. 5 is an end view of the rollers inclined. Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 are details.

' The same letterindicates the same part wherever it occurs in the drawings.

The object of my invention is to calender or hot-press printed sheets damp from the press.

The nature of my invention consists in such a construction and adjustment of the calenderin g-rollers as will enable the relative amount of pressure exerted upon the middle and edges of the sheet to be regulated with exact nicety, so that the sheet will be subjected to an even pressure in every part, and come from the rolls smooth and flat and free from those wrinkles which often occur in paper calendered in the ordinary way.

It further consists in the devices for keeping the rolls and paper clean, and in other details of improvement hereinafter described and claimed.

If a wide sheet of paper is passed between plain calender-rolls set together with sufficient force to take out the impressions of the type,

the rolls will spring apart in the middle and not properly calender the middle of the sheet. Paper in the roll or pile of sheets, when dampened for printing, naturally bags a little in the center,'owin g to the drying taking place most rapidly near the edges of the pile or roll. If passed in this condition between parallel calendering-rolls made exactly cylindrical, it has a tendency to crease proportioned to the difference indryness, and hence in length between the edges and the middle portion of the paper. With a view to overcome these difficulties calenderin g rolls are commonly made barrelshapedi. (2., having a larger diameter in the middle than at the ends. Such a construction is open to the objection that it has no mode of adjustment to enable it to compensate for the 'varying irregularity of different sizes and kinds of paper under different relative conditions of moisture and tension as to the center and edges. It would, in fact, only meet perfectly the requirements of a single case, leaving the evil in all others but partially remedied.

In my calendering-machine I make use of rolls turned truly cylindrical, and I regulate the relative degree of pressure and impelling force between "the middle and ends by giving to the axes of the rolls a slight and adjustable inclination to each other. It is obvious that by this arrrangement the greatest pressure and impellingforce acting upon the interposed sheet is at the middle of the rolls, decreasing by a regular and even gradationtoward either end, the amount and rapidity of the decrease depending upon the angle of inclination of the axes, being greatest when the inclination is greatest, and vice versa.

By this device a wide sheet requirin g a heavy pressure throughout the whole length of the rolls, and consequently subjecting the rolls to the greatest spring, may be most heavily calendered in the middle by setting the rolls at a greater angle. If a narrow sheet is to be calendered, the pressure required is not so great, and hence there is less spring on the rolls, and they may be set at a less angle, and the pressure remain uniform throughoutthe width of the sheet. When the sheets are longest in the middle, from defective manufacture or unequal drying, the tendency to wrinkle may be overcome by applying the greatest pressure on the edges; and when the edges are longest and the sheet is tight in the middle, wrinkles may be prevented by applying the greatest pressure in the middle.

The tendency' of sheets of paper to wrinkle every part of its course. My invention embraces a device for this purpose.

Such being the principles on which my calendering-machine is founded, its construction, clearlyillustrated in the drawings, is as follows:

A is the bed-plate of the machine,which,with two upright housings, H H, and their caps D, form the frame which supports the journalboxes K K of the rollers R It and the other working parts.

The pulley I? on the end of the shaft E indicates the point of application of the drivingpower. On the end of shaft E is a pinion, F, which gears into wheel G on the journal of the upper roll, It. On this journal is a gear-wheel, I, which engages with and drives gear K on thejournal of the lower roll, R. The rolls It B are of chilled iron, ground as true and smooth as possible, and havinga core, 0, bored out through the journal J opposite to that to which the gearing is attached, and extending throughout the length of the roll, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1. This core is for the admission of steam to heat the rolls to a uniform temperature throughout. The steam enters through the horizontal branches 6 e of a small tube, T. These branch pipes extend nearly to the bottom of core 0, but do not revolve with the rolls, but are held in position by reducing-crosses c 0, in a larger upright pipe, P, as clearly shown in Fig.1. A short sleeve, S, connects the journal ends of the rolls with the pipe P, and a stuffing-box, B, in the ends of the rolls makes a steam-tight joint in the ordinary way. The water of condensation is carried off through sleeve S and pipe P. The journal-boxes of the lower roll can be adjusted horizontally, so as to throw that roll out of line with the upper one, for the purpose hereinbefore described, by means of set-screws L in the housings. (See Figs. 1 and 3.) The amount of pressure that the upper roll is to exert on the paper is regulated by wedges M M, with their set-screws s 8, located in the housings H under the journal-boxes K, and by springs N and set-screw Q in the caps of the housings.

On the driving-shaftE on the top of the machine is a worm, W, which gears into a worm- I wheel,V, on the outside of the left-hand frame,

which has a crank -piu, 12, giving a vibrating motion to vertical lever U, by means of connecting-rod 1". In this lever U are fastened two pins, 1) b, one above and the other below its fulcrum d. These pins give a horizontal vibrating motion to two scrapers, X X, one for each roll, by means of collars on the shafts ff of said scrapers. Their function is to remove any ink or dirt that may adhere to the rolls while the printed paper is passing between them. These scrapers X X are thin steel blades ground perfectly true on the edge which comes in contact with the roll. The

' journal-boxes for the upper scraper, X, are fastened to the inside of the housings. The bearin gs of the lower scraper, X, are fastened to the journal-boxes K of the lower calender-roll,

B, so that the scraper X shall move with the roll, and not get out of line when the lower roll, R, is placed at an angle with the upper one. The scrapers are clamped between bars h h, as shown in Fig. 8, and are held up to their work against the rolls by means ofball-weights Yonlevers fastened to the scraper-frames. The upper scraper, X, has its edge beveled to allow the sheet to slide past. The lower scraper, X, has a series of fingers, g, riveted at intervals on top of the clamping-bar h, (see Fig. 9,) which bear the sheet off from the blade X and prevent the lower side of the sheet from coming into contact with it and becoming soiled. The ink and dirt scraped from the rollers will collect in the angle 45 between the blade X and bar h, and may readily be removed.

The table Z, on which the paper is fed to the rolls, rests in front on a brace, B, of castiron, which is fastened to the housings H H and connects them as a girder. The front edge (toward the rolls) of this brace is curved to the radius of the upper roll. (See Fig. 6.) Behind this curve is a mortise, m, in which the front section, 0, of the feed-table Z is held to its place by a tenon, t. This intermediate piece of the feed-table has a similar mortise, m, in its rear edge to receive a tenon, t, by which the feed-table proper is united to it. This front section, 0, of the feed-table can be taken out when it is not required. Its form is clearly shown in longitudinal and transverse section in Figs. 6 and 7. Its function is, by means of its rise and central swell, to raise the forward end of the sheet when approaching the rolls, and when that end has entered the bite of the rolls to raise up the center of the sheet just back of the forward edge and take up all the slack of the paper, so that-the paper, when entering the rolls, is stretched in both directions and free from wrinkles. In passing the rolls this paper is subjected to a lateral strain, to which it yields to an extent measured by the amount of the bagging added to its natural elasticity, but sufficient to correct any contorsions it may have received from irregular drying, or from being cross-cut or stretched by the type-impressions. Should the paper not be baggy, but have the opposite fault of being longest on the edges and tight in the middle, the section 0 would not be required, and should be removed and a plain section substituted for it, or the table Z moved up till the tenon t on its front edge enters the mortise m in the brace B, when the sheet will be fed directly from the table to the rolls.

The operation of the machine has been sufficiently indicated in the description of its construction.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a machine for calendering paper, the combination, with aroller turning in fixed journal-boxes, of a roller having its journal-boxes adjustable horizontally for the purpose of giv- IIO ing the rollers a variable inclination to each other, all substantially in the manner and'for the-purpose set forth.

2. In combination with the rolls of a calendaring-machine, the vibrating scrapers X X, applied to the surface of the rolls by weights, or their equivalents, operated substantially in the manner described.

3. The combination of the worn] W, wormwheel V, crank-pin p, rod r,.lever U, pins "11 b, and scraper-shaft f f, all as and for the purpose specified. V

4. The combination, with the journal-boxes K, of the-wedges M, provided with adjustingscrews g, and the spring N, provided with setscrews Q, for the purpose of regulating the pressure of the rollers upon the paper, as set forth.

5. In combination, with the feed-table of a calenderingmachine, the removable section 0, provided with the curved swell, chamfered oft laterally and longitudinally, as described and shown, for the purpose of taking up the bag or slack of the paper and feedin git, without wrinkling, to the rolls, all in the manner described.

6. The combination of the brace B, table Z, section 0, and rolls R R, all constructed, arranged, and operating as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination of the scraper X with the fingers 9, arranged and operating as and for the purpose described.

8. The combination of the scraper X with the journal-box of the laterallyadjustable roller, for the purpose specified.

In testimony thatIclaim the foregoing as my own invention I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CYRUS CHAMBERS, JR. Witnesses:

L. O. YOUNG, CHAS. F. STANSBURY. 

